Here is an example of a netCDF attenuated backscatter file that DA10 produces.
netcdf file:DA10_ABS_U2910121_20231220T112001Z {
dimensions:
layer = 5;
module = 2;
range = 3741;
time = UNLIMITED; // (5 currently)
variables:
short airplane_filter_max_range;
airplane_filter_max_range:comment = "maximum range where airplane echoes are filtered to prevent false cloud detection";
airplane_filter_max_range:_FillValue = -999S;
airplane_filter_max_range:units = "m";
airplane_filter_max_range:long_name = "Airplane filter max range";
double azimuth_angle(module);
azimuth_angle:_FillValue = -999.0;
azimuth_angle:units = "degrees";
azimuth_angle:long_name = "Measurement azimuth angle";
azimuth_angle:standard_name = "sensor_azimuth_angle";
azimuth_angle:comment = "azimuth direction of tilted beam for each optics unit, clockwise positive from north";
float beta_att(time, range);
beta_att:_FillValue = -999.0f;
beta_att:units = "1/(m*sr)";
beta_att:long_name = "Attenuated volume backscatter coefficient";
beta_att:coordinates = "time range longitude latitude";
beta_att:averaging_time_in_seconds = 60;
beta_att:_ChunkSizes = 1, 3741;
double beta_att_noise_level(time);
beta_att_noise_level:_FillValue = -999.0;
beta_att_noise_level:long_name = "Noise level of the attenuated volume backscatter coefficient";
beta_att_noise_level:comment = "a unitless number describing the noise level";
beta_att_noise_level:_ChunkSizes = 5;
double beta_att_sum(time);
beta_att_sum:long_name = "Scaled integral of the attenuated volume backscatter coefficient";
beta_att_sum:_FillValue = -999.0;
beta_att_sum:units = "1/(10^4*sr)";
beta_att_sum:_ChunkSizes = 5;
int cloud_base_heights(time, layer);
cloud_base_heights:_FillValue = -99;
cloud_base_heights:units = "m";
cloud_base_heights:long_name = "Heights (range) of the detected cloud bases";
cloud_base_heights:coordinates = "time layer longitude latitude";
cloud_base_heights:comment = "reported in vertical, or in the instrument beam direction, depending on tilt_correction setting";
cloud_base_heights:_ChunkSizes = 1, 5;
double cloud_calibration_factor;
cloud_calibration_factor:_FillValue = -999.0;
cloud_calibration_factor:long_name = "Factory cloud calibration value";
cloud_calibration_factor:comment = "instrument specific beta_att calibration value measured at the factory";
double cloud_calibration_factor_user;
cloud_calibration_factor_user:_FillValue = -999.0;
cloud_calibration_factor_user:long_name = "User set cloud calibration value";
cloud_calibration_factor_user:comment = "instrument specific beta_att calibration value set by the user, same as the factory value by default";
int cloud_penetration_depth(time, layer);
cloud_penetration_depth:_FillValue = -99;
cloud_penetration_depth:units = "m";
cloud_penetration_depth:long_name = "Cloud penetration depth";
cloud_penetration_depth:coordinates = "time layer longitude latitude";
cloud_penetration_depth:comment = "reported in the instrument beam direction";
cloud_penetration_depth:_ChunkSizes = 1, 5;
int cloud_thickness(time, layer);
cloud_thickness:_FillValue = -99;
cloud_thickness:units = "m";
cloud_thickness:long_name = "Cloud thickness";
cloud_thickness:coordinates = "time layer longitude latitude";
cloud_thickness:comment = "reported in the instrument beam direction";
cloud_thickness:_ChunkSizes = 1, 5;
int elevation;
elevation:_FillValue = -999;
elevation:units = "m";
elevation:long_name = "Ground level altitude";
elevation:standard_name = "ground_level_altitude";
elevation:comment = "measurement site height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly mean sea level";
short fog_detection(time);
fog_detection:_FillValue = -999S;
fog_detection:long_name = "Detection of fog";
fog_detection:comment = "detected/not-detected (1/0)";
fog_detection:coordinates = "time longitude latitude";
fog_detection:_ChunkSizes = 5;
short height_offset(time);
height_offset:_FillValue = -999S;
height_offset:units = "m";
height_offset:long_name = "Instrument height offset to ground level";
height_offset:positive = "up";
height_offset:comment = "instrument height offset relative to ground level, for example, when the instrument is placed on a roof of a building or below the ground level; the offset is added to the cloud base height results";
height_offset:_ChunkSizes = 5;
double latitude;
latitude:standard_name = "latitude";
latitude:_FillValue = -999.0;
latitude:units = "degrees_north";
latitude:long_name = "Latitude";
int layer(layer);
layer:_FillValue = -999;
layer:units = "layer";
layer:long_name = "Cloud layer";
layer:comment = "1 ... 5: observed cloud layer or cloud base";
double longitude;
longitude:_FillValue = -999.0;
longitude:units = "degrees_east";
longitude:long_name = "Longitude";
longitude:standard_name = "longitude";
double merging_region(time, module);
merging_region:_FillValue = -999.0;
merging_region:units = "m";
merging_region:long_name = "Merging region from near range to far range";
merging_region:comment = "region where transition from near-range measurement to far-range measurement occurs";
merging_region:_ChunkSizes = 1, 2;
int module(module);
module:comment = "1: near-range measurement unit, 2: far-range measurement unit";
module:long_name = "Measurement unit";
module:_FillValue = -999;
float overlap_function(range);
overlap_function:_FillValue = -999.0f;
overlap_function:long_name = "Instrument specific overlap function";
overlap_function:comment = "overlap function describes the part of the transmitted power that hits the receiver detector, as a function of distance, normalized to be unity at the distance of the best focus";
short precipitation_detection(time);
precipitation_detection:_FillValue = -999S;
precipitation_detection:long_name = "Detection of ground reaching precipitation";
precipitation_detection:comment = "detected/not-detected (1/0)";
precipitation_detection:coordinates = "time longitude latitude";
precipitation_detection:_ChunkSizes = 5;
double range(range);
range:_FillValue = -999.0;
range:units = "m";
range:long_name = "Measurement range";
range:axis = "Z";
range:positive = "up";
range:comment = "measurement distance from the instrument in the direction of the transmitted laser beam";
float range_resolution;
range_resolution:_FillValue = -999.0f;
range_resolution:units = "m";
range_resolution:long_name = "Range resolution";
range_resolution:comment = "distance between consecutive profile elements in the direction of the transmitted laser beam";
float receiver_gain(time, module);
receiver_gain:_FillValue = -999.0f;
receiver_gain:long_name = "Receiver gain";
receiver_gain:comment = "Value 1 corresponds to nominal gain";
receiver_gain:_ChunkSizes = 1, 2;
short sky_condition_cloud_layer_covers(time, layer);
sky_condition_cloud_layer_covers:comment = "amount of cloud cover for different cloud layers for up to 5 layers";
sky_condition_cloud_layer_covers:_FillValue = -99S;
sky_condition_cloud_layer_covers:units = "oktas";
sky_condition_cloud_layer_covers:long_name = "Cloud cover per cloud layer";
sky_condition_cloud_layer_covers:coordinates = "time layer longitude latitude";
sky_condition_cloud_layer_covers:_ChunkSizes = 1, 5;
int sky_condition_cloud_layer_heights(time, layer);
sky_condition_cloud_layer_heights:_FillValue = -99;
sky_condition_cloud_layer_heights:units = "m";
sky_condition_cloud_layer_heights:long_name = "Cloud layer heights";
sky_condition_cloud_layer_heights:coordinates = "time layer longitude latitude";
sky_condition_cloud_layer_heights:comment = "heights for different cloud layers for up to 5 layers, reported in vertical, or in the instrument beam direction, depending on tilt_correction setting";
sky_condition_cloud_layer_heights:_ChunkSizes = 1, 5;
short sky_condition_total_cloud_cover(time);
sky_condition_total_cloud_cover:_FillValue = -99S;
sky_condition_total_cloud_cover:units = "oktas";
sky_condition_total_cloud_cover:long_name = "Total cloud cover";
sky_condition_total_cloud_cover:comment = "total amount of cloud cover aggregated across cloud layers";
sky_condition_total_cloud_cover:coordinates = "time longitude latitude";
sky_condition_total_cloud_cover:_ChunkSizes = 5;
float tilt_angle(time, module);
tilt_angle:_FillValue = -999.0f;
tilt_angle:units = "degrees";
tilt_angle:long_name = "Optics unit tilt angle from the vertical";
tilt_angle:standard_name = "zenith_angle";
tilt_angle:_ChunkSizes = 1, 2;
short tilt_correction(time);
tilt_correction:_FillValue = -999S;
tilt_correction:long_name = "Tilt correction";
tilt_correction:comment = "on/off (1/0): when correction is on, cloud bases are reported in vertical direction; when correction is off, in beam direction.";
tilt_correction:_ChunkSizes = 5;
double time(time);
time:_FillValue = -999.0;
time:units = "seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000";
time:long_name = "UTC time";
time:axis = "T";
time:standard_name = "time";
time:cf_role = "profile_id";
time:comment = "represents the end of the averaging period";
time:_ChunkSizes = 5;
int vertical_visibility(time);
vertical_visibility:_FillValue = -99;
vertical_visibility:units = "m";
vertical_visibility:long_name = "Vertical visibility";
vertical_visibility:coordinates = "time longitude latitude";
vertical_visibility:comment = "reported in the instrument beam direction";
vertical_visibility:_ChunkSizes = 1024;
group: monitoring {
variables:
double time(time);
time:long_name = "UTC time";
time:axis = "T";
time:standard_name = "time";
time:_FillValue = -999.0;
time:units = "seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000";
time:_ChunkSizes = 5;
float laser_power_percent(time, module);
laser_power_percent:_FillValue = -999.0f;
laser_power_percent:units = "percent";
laser_power_percent:long_name = "Laser power percent";
laser_power_percent:comment = "laser output power relative to the laser power measured at factory";
laser_power_percent:_ChunkSizes = 1, 2;
float window_condition(time);
window_condition:_FillValue = -999.0f;
window_condition:units = "percent";
window_condition:long_name = "Window condition (near range unit)";
window_condition:comment = "100 for a clean, 0 for a totally dirty window";
window_condition:_ChunkSizes = 5;
}
group: status {
}
// global attributes:
:title = "Vaisala DIAL Atmospheric Profiler DA10";
:institution = "";
:source = "DA10 gateway";
:instrument_serial_number = "U2910121";
:Conventions = "CF-1.8";
:schema_version = "v1.5";
:algorithm_version = "3.0.12";
:gateway_firmware_version = "1.1.3";
:dac_far_firmware_version = "2.0.0";
:dac_near_firmware_version = "2.0.0";
:history = "";
:comment = "";
:unit = "m";
:file_temporal_span_in_minutes = 5;
:profile_interval_in_seconds = 60;
:overlap_function_provided = 0;
:overlap_is_corrected = 1;
data:
airplane_filter_max_range =-999
azimuth_angle =
{-999.0, -999.0}
beta_att =
{
{6.737558E-7, 6.5805216E-7, 6.476669E-7, 6.3866094E-7, ... , 3.71657E-7, -2.4253336E-7},
{6.747439E-7, 6.594024E-7, 6.4933425E-7, 6.406662E-7, ... , 3.8800902E-8, -5.784907E-7},
{6.815794E-7, 6.666519E-7, 6.570223E-7, 6.487415E-7, ... , 1.101363E-7, 3.0686465E-8},
{6.872106E-7, 6.7217263E-7, 6.623231E-7, 6.537369E-7, ... , -2.0722095E-7, -3.3193632E-7},
{6.8470496E-7, 6.6932984E-7, 6.5930686E-7, 6.5065746E-7, ... , 7.318069E-7, 8.207566E-7}
}
beta_att_noise_level =
{-999.0, -999.0, -999.0, -999.0, -999.0}
beta_att_sum =
{-999.0, -999.0, -999.0, -999.0, -999.0}
cloud_base_heights =
{
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99}
}
cloud_calibration_factor =-999.0
cloud_calibration_factor_user =-999.0
cloud_penetration_depth =
{
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99}
}
cloud_thickness =
{
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99}
}
elevation =9000
fog_detection =
{-999, -999, -999, -999, -999}
height_offset =
{-666, -999, -999, -999, -999}
latitude =12.34
layer =
{-999, -999, -999, -999, -999}
longitude =56.78
merging_region =
{
{600.0, 800.0},
{600.0, 800.0},
{600.0, 800.0},
{600.0, 800.0},
{600.0, 800.0}
}
module =
{1, 2}
overlap_function =
{-999.0, -999.0, -999.0, -999.0, ... , -999.0, -999.0}
precipitation_detection =
{-999, -999, -999, -999, -999}
range =
{48.0, 52.8, 57.599999999999994, ... , 17995.19999999999, 17999.99999999999}
range_resolution =4.8
receiver_gain =
{
{1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, 1.0}
}
sky_condition_cloud_layer_covers =
{
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99}
}
sky_condition_cloud_layer_heights =
{
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99},
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99}
}
sky_condition_total_cloud_cover =
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99}
tilt_angle =
{
{-999.0, -999.0},
{-999.0, -999.0},
{-999.0, -999.0},
{-999.0, -999.0},
{-999.0, -999.0}
}
tilt_correction =
{-999, -999, -999, -999, -999}
time =
{1.703070905E9, 1.703070965E9, 1.70307103E9, 1.703071095E9, 1.70307116E9}
vertical_visibility =
{-99, -99, -99, -99, -99}
monitoring/time =
{1.703070905E9, 1.703070965E9, 1.70307103E9, 1.703071095E9, 1.70307116E9}
monitoring/laser_power_percent =
{
{98.84337, 99.671352},
{98.629295, 99.243336},
{98.65019, 99.238316},
{98.80352, 99.340584},
{98.67958, 99.093044}
}
monitoring/window_condition =
{100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0}
}